Numerical and experimental analysis of flow and heat transfer in a fuel assembly mock-up with transverse flow above the rods

Thermal-hydraulic conditions in a partially uncovered nuclear fuel assembly mock-up are studied with particular focus on the influence of the horizontal air flow above the rod bundle. The investigations are performed at the ALADIN test facility, which models a boiling water reactor fuel assembly at a 1:1 scale both axially and radially. In the scenario studied, the main heat transfer mechanisms – conduction, convection and radiation – are strongly coupled and all are of similar importance. A combination of measurements and CFD simulations serves to analyze the heat transfer processes in detail. Contrary to previous studies in this field, all heat transfer mechanisms were considered in the simulation with sophisticated models. The numerical results show a good agreement with the measurements, given the inevitable differences between the approaches. Although the successive evaporation of cooling water in a fuel assembly is a transient, multiphase process, the steady, single-phase simulation yields acceptable results. While single effects are overestimated in the simulation, the important dependencies are predicted similarly. A general result is that the maximum cladding temperature rises with decreasing water level. Further results indicate an impact of the horizontal air flow on the residual heat removal for moderate rod powers. Higher horizontal velocities above the fuel assembly lead to slightly higher temperatures inside. A characteristic flow field forms in the test facility that prevails for all studied water levels and horizontal velocities. However, it has only a minor effect on the temperature distribution in the central rod bundle. By combining experiments and numerical simulations, the study provides important information about the decisive parameters for the heat exchange in a spent fuel pool in case of an accident with loss of cooling. The exposed length of the fuel rods is of much more importance than the magnitude of the horizontal velocity above the fuel assembly.     

谱体积方法单元分割与问题单元标记方法的改进研究

谱体积方法是一种本质上解决网格依赖性的高精度CFD计算方法,本文研究了二维Euler方程的谱体积方法,提出一种基于切比雪夫多项式的单元分割方法,建立了基于WENO的变量限制器方法,并发展了结合谱体积和控制体的问题单元标记方法.采用15°超声速压缩拐角和NACA0012跨声速流动两个典型算例进行验证,结果表明,该分区方法具有更好的计算精度,标记方法可有效识别不连续区域,在较少的网格下即可获得与密网格传统有限体积法相当的计算精度.     

A sliding interface method for unsteady unstructured flow simulations

The objective of this work is to develop a sliding interface method for simulations involving relative grid motion that is fast and efficient and involves no grid deformation, remeshing, or hole cutting. The method is implemented into a parallel, node‐centred finite volume, unstructured viscous flow solver. The rotational motion is accomplished by rigidly rotating the subdomain representing the moving component. At the subdomain interface boundary, the faces along the interface are extruded into the adjacent subdomain to create new volume elements forming a one‐cell overlap. These new volume elements are used to compute a flux across the subdomain interface. An interface flux is computed independently for each subdomain. The values of the solution variables and other quantities for the nodes created by the extrusion process are determined by linear interpolation. The extrusion is done so that the interpolation will maintain information as localized as possible. The grid on the interface surface is arbitrary. The boundary between the two subdomains is completely independent from one another; meaning that they do not have to connect in a one‐to‐one manner and no symmetry or pattern restrictions are placed on the grid. A variety of numerical simulations were performed on model problems and large‐scale applications to examine conservation of the interface flux. Overall solution errors were found to be comparable to that for fully connected and fully conservative simulations. Excellent agreement is obtained with theoretical results and results from other solution methodologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative Study of Plasma Spray Flow Fields and Particle Behavior Near to Flat Inclined Substrates

Numerical models have been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis program FLUENT V6.02^© to investigate the effect of the substrate on the behavior of the plasma flow fields and in-flight particles. Simulations are performed for cases where flat substrates are either present or absent, for the former, the substrate is oriented perpendicularly or inclined to the torch axis. It is shown that although the presence of perpendicular or inclined substrate significantly influences the plasma flow fields at the vicinity of the substrate, the particle behavior remain relatively unaffected. The insignificant effect of the substrate on particle behavior is qualitatively verified by experimental observation using SprayWatch^© imaging diagnostics equipment. Images captured by the equipment confirm that the particles travel through the plasma plume with high momentum and show no sudden change in theirtrajectories right before impacting the substrate. Both the numerical and experimental findings show that the freestream model is sufficiently detailed for future work of this nature.     

基于数值计算的斜流泵级性能改进

采用CFD数值模拟的方法对斜流泵级内部三维紊流流场进行计算,预测了其效率-流量、扬程-流量特性,并与实验结果进行了对比验证。根据得到的流场结果,通过斜流泵级水力尺寸改进-数值模拟分析的循环工作,在最终改进的斜流泵级预测流场中减少了泵内流场的漩涡运动,避免了出口回流的产生,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡,提高了斜流泵级的效率,改进了能量特性,得到了斜流泵级改进前后流场与效率的对比。     

Experimental and computational study of the developed flow field in a flat plate integrated collector storage (ICS) solar device with recirculation

The flow structure in a flat plate integrated collector storage device, with recirculation of the storage water, is studied experimentally and theoretically. To facilitate flow visualization, an experimental device was constructed by transparent material (Plexiglas). Flow velocities and fluctuations are measured, using a LDV system. A three-dimensional CFD-model was developed using the FLUENT code. The standard k–ω model is selected as the most appropriate. The model is validated, with good agreement, against experimental measurements. Furthermore, copper tubes, in the form of embedded heat exchanger, are placed inside the device and another similar 3D model was developed. The model was used to examine the behavior of the system, when the service water enters the heat exchanger, thus being indirectly heated by the stored hot water. It is shown that the outlet temperature of the service water is enough higher, when recirculation occurs.     

空调器新型轴流风扇叶尖涡的研究

本文采用Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,对只在叶轮尾缘带有导流罩的低压轴流风扇进行了三维稳态内流模拟,详细分析了叶顶流场中叶尖涡的产生和发展轨迹。研究结果表明,叶尖涡在距叶尖前缘约1/4叶顶轴向弦长的吸力面附近形成,在叶轮出口附近消失,在切向约占3/4流道,近似形成一个涡环,阻塞主流.在回转面上,叶尖涡涡核先沿流线方向发展,在导流罩附近逐渐转为切向方向发展;在径向方向,叶尖涡先沿外径方向发展,在导流罩附近转向内径方向移动。空调室外机系统的不对称结构引起叶尖涡在叶轮旋转过程中的相对位移.流量的变化对叶尖涡的轴向位置影响较大,而对其径向位置的影响不明显;小流量时叶尖涡的轴向移动能力减弱,切向移动能力增强,消失位置向前缘方向移动.     

On fans in multigraphs

We introduce a unifying framework for studying edge‐coloring problems on multigraphs. This is defined in terms of a rooted directed multigraph , which is naturally associated to the set of fans based at a given vertex u in a multigraph G. We call the “Fan Digraph.” We show that fans in G based at u are in one‐to‐one correspondence with directed trails in starting at the root of . We state and prove a central theorem about the fan digraph, which embodies many edge‐coloring results and expresses them at a higher level of abstraction. Using this result, we derive short proofs of classical theorems. We conclude with a new, generalized version of Vizing's Adjacency Lemma for multigraphs, which is stronger than all those known to the author. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 51: 301–318, 2006     

扩压器几何参数对离心风机噪声的影响

本文试验研究了扩压器几何参数对一高速离心风机的噪声的影响。扩压器的几何参数包括叶片数、叶轮与扩压器的径向间隙和倾斜前缘倾角以及它们的耦合作用对风机噪声的影响。试验结果表明:(1)风机A声级噪声随扩压器叶片数增加而下降,但气动性能也随之下降;(2)扩压器前缘半径从R_3/R_2=1.03增加到1.07,在设计点风机A声级噪声降了约3 dB(A),继续增大至1.09则基本不变;(3)适当倾斜扩压器前缘可有效降低风机噪声,在设计点30°倾角扩压器相应的风机A声级噪声下降了约3.6 dB(A);(4)倾斜扩压器前缘与增大径向间隙的降噪效果不能叠加。     

尾缘凹陷轴流风轮内流特性分析与降噪研究

为减少空调室外机用低压轴流风轮叶片的颤振,改善音质,降低噪音和电机功率。本文设计了尾缘凹陷新型三叶轴流风轮,同时除对前缘局部加厚处理外,对叶片其他区域整体减薄。文中采用Navier-Stokes方程对新风轮和原风轮的内流及气动特性进行了三维数值模拟,同时对两者的流量压力曲线和噪音频谱进行了实验研究。研究表明:对轴流风轮叶片尾缘进行凹陷设计,对前缘以外的区域减薄设计,能够减轻风轮重量,降低电机负荷同时减弱转子尾迹;对叶轮前缘进行局部加厚处理可以减小叶尖颤振,降低叶片旋转频率峰值噪音,从整体上降低噪音,改善音质。